Largely Ignored Study- SARS-CoV-2 spike protein causes blood coagulation and thrombosis by competitive binding to heparin sulfate – IOTW Report

Largely Ignored Study- SARS-CoV-2 spike protein causes blood coagulation and thrombosis by competitive binding to heparin sulfate

What we knew all along —

Science Direct-

Highlights

S protein competitively binds to HS/heparin inducing an increase in thrombin activity.•

S protein directly promoted blood coagulation and thrombosis in zebrafish model.•

Exogenous heparin and HS significantly reduced the coagulation caused by S protein.

Abstract

Thrombotic complication has been an important symptom in critically ill patients with COVID-19. It has not been clear whether the virus spike (S) protein can directly induce blood coagulation in addition to inflammation. Heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin, a key factor in coagulation process, was found to bind SARS-CoV-2 S protein with high affinity. Herein, we found that the S protein can competitively inhibit the bindings of antithrombin and heparin cofactor II to heparin/HS, causing abnormal increase in thrombin activity. SARS-CoV-2 S protein at a similar concentration (~10 μg/mL) as the viral load in critically ill patients can cause directly blood coagulation and thrombosis in zebrafish model. Furthermore, exogenous heparin/HS can significantly reduce coagulation caused by S protein, pointing to a potential new direction to elucidate the etiology of the virus and provide fundamental support for anticoagulant therapy especially for the COVID-19 critically ill patients.

Conclusion

In this study, we demonstrated that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can compete with anticoagulation factors AT and HCII bindings to heparin by blocking the inactivation process of thrombin or factor Xa. Once HS is bound by S protein, its dissociation is difficult, and HS can no longer interact with AT/HC II. Therefore, with the increased virus concentration in certain parts of the organs/tissues, such as microvascular, local HS can be exhausted, leading to exacerbated coagulation and other adverse consequences, especially in critically ill patients. This rapid coagulation response may be an additional independent factor for the inflammatory storm of severe COVID-19 patients.

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10 Comments on Largely Ignored Study- SARS-CoV-2 spike protein causes blood coagulation and thrombosis by competitive binding to heparin sulfate

  1. Yeah, we all knew. And supposedly, the hospitals are now overflowing with non-covid related illnesses which look a lot like ADE reactions, if you look closely. I don’t know what to believe about the hospitals anymore.

    But I do know that if the hospitals are filling up, the PTB are going to double down on “Pandemic of the Unvaccinated, truth be damned. And the panicked sheep will line up for their boosters, and even more people will suffer from “non-covid related” illnesses which hAvE NoThInG tO Do WiTh tHE jAb.

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  2. But keep taking those spike protein shots. They also admit the jabs were developed for the original spike but it has mutated greatly so why would we continue giving a jab for a version of Covid that doesn’t even exist anymore? The spike is the bioweapon, stay far away from it.

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  3. I have a doctorate in the healthcare field, am somewhat of a research geek, and actually bothered to read the article. It indirectly explains why people get blood clots after the vaccine. According to the research paper, the spike protein can cause clotting.

    Reasoning outward from the conclusions of the article, the mRNA vaxxes cause our bodies to make and release the spike protein. The theory is this will challenge the immune system so that when the real virus shows up, our immune system will be primed to attack the spike protein. In a vaxxed individual, the body starts pumping out the spike protein which by itself then triggers clotting. Hence the danger of the shot.

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  4. I am not a doctor, and have no science degree. I am however, a curious, thinker with a logical mind who loved science when I was in school.

    Years ago I was a regular blood donor (can’t now for other reasons) and was asked to only come in when the clinic called because I had a “rare clotting factor” and they wanted to use my blood for heart surgeries. I tried to discover what that exactly was, but was just given the r2r2 description, and never really was able to decipher what it meant (pre-internet). I have tried since, but it is truly complicated, and I no longer know if it was R2R2 or R2r2, or some other combination or if that even matters…..

    When this shot first became available, I did lots of reading and quickly found there were clotting issues. Decision made – no shot for me. Every time that I began to question my initial decision, another study, story, investigation reinforced the clotting issue and assured me of my decision.

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